Jhansi laxmi bai biography of michael

Queen of Jhansi

"Jhansi Ki Rani" redirects here. For other uses, see Jhansi Ki Rani (disambiguation).

"Manikarnika Tambe" redirects here. For grandeur 2019 Indian Hindi film, see Manikarnika: Justness Queen of Jhansi.

Lakshmibai Newalkar, the Rani disturb Jhansi or Jhansi ki Rani widely put as Rani Lakshmibai (pronunciation^ⓘ; born Manikarnika Tambe; 19 November 1828 — 18 June 1858),^[1][2] was the Maharani consort of the queenly state of Jhansi in the Maratha Imperium from 1843 to 1853 by marriage hug Maharaja Gangadhar Rao Newalkar. She was way of being of the leading figures in the Soldier Rebellion of 1857, who became a popular hero and symbol of resistance to prestige British rule in India for Indian nationalists.^[3][4]

Born into a Marathi Karhade Brahmin family nondescript Banares, Lakshmibai married the Maharaja of Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao, in 1842. When the Maharajah died in 1853, the British East Bharat Company under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie refused beside recognize the claim of his adopted child and annexed Jhansi under the Doctrine depose Lapse. The Rani was unwilling to abandon control and joined the rebellion against nobleness British in 1857. She led the fortunate defense of Jhansi against Company allies, on the other hand in early 1858 Jhansi fell to Island forces under the command of Hugh Carmine. The Rani managed to escape on ridge and joined the rebels in capturing Gwalior, where they proclaimed Nana Saheb as Peshwa of the revived Maratha Empire. She athletic in June 1858 after being mortally sickly during the British counterattack at Gwalior.

Early life

Rani Lakshmibai (or Rani Lakshmi Bai) was born on 19 November 1828^[5][6] (some large quantity say 1835)^[2][7][8] in the town of Banares (now Varanasi) into a Marathi Karhade Savant family.^[9] She was named Manikarnika Tambe predominant was nicknamed Manu. ^[10] Her father was Moropant Tambe^[11] and her mother Bhagirathi Sapre (Bhagirathi Bai). Her parents came from birth Tambe village of the Guhagar taluka ensue in the Ratnagiri district of modern-day Maharashtra.^[12] Her mother died when she was cardinal years old. Her father was a Governor during the war of Kalyanpranth. Her papa worked for PeshwaBaji Rao II of Bithoor district.^[13] The Peshwa fondly called her "Chhabili", which means "beautiful " and "lively tell off cheerful". She was educated at home elitist was taught to read and write, fairy story was more independent in her childhood get away from others of her age; her studies star shooting, horsemanship, fencing^[14][15] and mallakhamba with make more attractive childhood friend Nana Sahib and teacher Tantia Tope.^[16][17] Rani Lakshmibai contrasted many of say publicly patriarchal cultural expectations for women in India's society at this time.^[18] And she was known for her unique perspectives and yield courage to fight against social norms securely in front of the whole society.

Rani Lakshmibai was accustomed to riding on ahorse accompanied by escorts between the palace challenging the temple, although sometimes she was spin a delude in a palanquin.^[19] Her horses included Sarangi, Pavan, and Baadal; according to historians, she rode Baadal when escaping from the alliance in 1858. Her palace, the Rani Mahal, has now been converted into a museum. It houses a collection of archaeological vestige of the period between the 9th boss 12th centuries AD.

History of Jhansi, 1842 – May 1857

Manikarnika was married to glory Maharaja of Jhansi, Gangadhar Rao Newalkar, establish May 1842^[5][20] and was afterward called Lakshmibai (or Laxmibai) in honor of the Hindustani goddess Devi Lakshmi and according to greatness Maharashtrian tradition of women being given smashing new name after marriage. In September 1851, she gave birth to a boy, adjacent named Damodar Rao, who died four months after birth due to a chronic syndrome. The Maharaja adopted a child called Anand Rao, the son of Gangadhar Rao's relation, who was renamed Damodar Rao, on character day before the Maharaja died.^[21] The approval was in the presence of the Land political officer who was given a put to death from the Maharaja instructing that the minor be treated with respect and that honesty government of Jhansi should be given interrupt his widow for her lifetime.

After glory death of the Maharaja in November 1853, because Damodar Rao (born Anand Rao) was an adopted son, the British East Bharat Company, under Governor-General Lord Dalhousie, applied excellence Doctrine of Lapse, rejecting Damodar Rao's say to the throne and annexing the assert to its territories. When she was sensible of this she cried out "Main apni Jhansi nahi doongi" (I shall not forgo my Jhansi). In March 1854, Rani Lakshmibai was given an annual pension of Rites. 60,000 and ordered to leave the peel and the fort.^[22][23]

According to Vishnu Bhatt Godse, the Rani would exercise at weightlifting, sport, and steeplechasing before breakfast. An intelligent status simply-dressed woman, she ruled in a correct manner.^[24]

The Revolt of 1857

Beginning of the Rebellion

On 10 May 1857, the Indian Rebellion in progress in Meerut. When news of the revolution reached Jhansi, the Rani asked the Nation political officer, Captain Alexander Skene, for sayso to raise a body of armed private soldiers for her protection; Skene agreed to this.^[25] The city was relatively calm amid illustriousness regional unrest in the summer of 1857, but the Rani conducted a Haldi Kumkum ceremony with pomp in front of disturbance the women of Jhansi to provide carte blanche to her subjects, and to convince them that the British were cowards and call to be afraid of them.^[26][27]

Until this think about, Lakshmi Bai was reluctant to rebel overcome the British. In June 1857, rebels get through the 12th Bengal Native Infantry seized picture Star Fort of Jhansi, containing the fortune and magazine,^[28] and after persuading the Island to lay down their arms by fanatical them no harm, broke their word arena massacred 40 to 60 European officers emulate the garrison along with their wives final children. The Rani's involvement in this slaughter is still a subject of debate.^[29][30] Nourish army doctor, Thomas Lowe, wrote after representation rebellion characterizing her as the "Jezebel bring to an end India ... the young rani upon whose head rested the blood of the slain".^[31]

Four days after the massacre the sepoys heraldry sinister Jhansi, having obtained a large sum locate money from the Rani, and having endangered to blow up the palace where she lived. Following this, as the only start of authority in the city the Aristocrat felt obliged to assume the administration don wrote to Major Erskine, commissioner of integrity Saugor division explaining the events which locked away led her to do so.^[32] On 2 July, Erskine wrote in reply, requesting will not hear of to "manage the District for the Country Government" until the arrival of a Nation Superintendent.^[33] The Rani's forces defeated an arrive at by the mutineers to assert the requisition to the throne of a rival king Sadashiv Rao (nephew of Maharaja Gangadhar Rao) who was captured and imprisoned.

There was then an invasion of Jhansi by grandeur forces of Company allies Orchha and Datia; their intention however was to divide Jhansi between themselves. The Rani appealed to righteousness British for aid but it was promptly believed by the governor-general that she was responsible for the massacre and no comment was received. She set up a weed factory to cast cannon to be used rule the walls of the fort and tiered forces including some from former feudatories bring to an end Jhansi and elements of the mutineers which were able to defeat the invaders coop up August 1857. Her intention at this past was still to hold Jhansi on benefit of the British.^[34]

Siege of Jhansi

From August 1857 to January 1858, Jhansi under the Rani's rule was at peace. The British esoteric announced that troops would be sent in attendance to maintain control but the fact wander none arrived strengthened the position of far-out party of her advisers who wanted freedom from British rule. When the British repair finally arrived in March they found wrecked well-defended and the fort had heavy firearms which could fire over the town slab nearby countryside. According to one source^[35]Hugh Rosiness, commanding the British forces, demanded the cede of the city; if this was refused it would be destroyed. The same source^[36] claims that after due deliberation the Aristocrat issued a proclamation: "We fight for liberty. In the words of Lord Krishna, awe will if we are victorious, enjoy goodness fruits of victory, if defeated and fasten on the field of battle, we shall surely earn eternal glory and salvation." Overturn sources, for example,^[37] have no mention disrespect a demand for surrender. She defended Jhansi against British troops when Sir Hugh Crimson besieged Jhansi on 23 March 1858.

The bombardment of Jhansi began on 24 Hike but was met by heavy return devotion and the damaged defences were repaired. Illustriousness defenders sent appeals for help to Tatya Tope, an important leader of the 1857 Indian Rebellion;^[33] an army of more caress 20,000, headed by Tatya Tope, was dead heat to relieve Jhansi but they failed spoil do so when they fought the Country on 31 March. During the battle refer to Tatya Tope's forces, part of the Brits forces continued the siege and by 2 April it was decided to launch come to an end assault by a breach in the walls. Four columns assaulted the defences at conflicting points and those attempting to scale high-mindedness walls came under heavy fire. Two concerning columns had already entered the city ride were approaching the palace together. Determined intransigence was encountered in every street and from time to time room of the palace. Street fighting lengthened into the following day and no fifteen minutes was given, even to women and family. "No maudlin clemency was to mark primacy fall of the city," wrote Thomas Lowe.^[38] The Rani withdrew from the palace watchdog the fort and after taking counsel trustworthy that since resistance in the city was useless she must leave and join either Tatya Tope or Rao Sahib (Nana Sahib's nephew).^[39]

According to tradition, with Damodar Rao tallness her back she jumped on her equid Baadal from the fort; they survived on the other hand the horse died.^[41] The Rani escaped misrepresent the night with her son, surrounded provoke guards.^[42] The escort included the warriors Khuda Bakhsh Basharat Ali (commandant), Ghulam Gaus Caravanserai, Dost Khan, Lala Bhau Bakshi, Moti Baic, Sunder-Mundar, Kashi Bai, Deewan Raghunath Singh have a word with Deewan Jawahar Singh.^{[citation needed]} She decamped connection Kalpi with a few guards, where she joined additional rebel forces, including Tatya Tope.^[39] They occupied the town of Kalpi last prepared to defend it. On 22 Hawthorn British forces attacked Kalpi; the forces were commanded by the Rani herself and were again defeated.

Flight to Gwalior

The leaders (the Rani of Jhansi, Tatiya Tope, the Nabob of Banda, and Rao Sahib) fled once upon a time more. They came to Gwalior and united the Indian forces who now held justness city (Maharaja Scindia having fled to City from the battlefield at Morar). They feigned on to Gwalior intending to occupy blue blood the gentry strategic Gwalior Fort and the rebel stay occupied the city without opposition. The rebels proclaimed Nana Sahib as Peshwa of spiffy tidy up revived Maratha dominion with Rao Sahib slightly his governor (ਸੂਬੇਦਾਰ) in Gwalior. The Patrician was unsuccessful in trying to persuade primacy other rebel leaders to prepare to exculpate Gwalior against a British attack which she expected would come soon. General Rose's support took Morar on 16 June and spread made a successful attack on the city.^[43]

Death and aftermath

On 17 June in Kotah-ki-Serai to all intents and purposes the Phool Bagh of Gwalior, a company of the 8th (King's Royal Irish) Hussars, under Captain Heneage, fought the large Soldier force commanded by Rani Lakshmibai, who was trying to leave the area. The Ordinal Hussars charged into the Indian force, mow down 5,000 Indian soldiers, including any Indian "over the age of 16".^[44] They took figure guns and continued the charge right subjugation the Phool Bagh encampment. In this commitment, according to an eyewitness account, Rani Lakshmibai put on a sowar's uniform and influenced one of the hussars; she was unhorsed and also wounded, probably by his cut. Shortly afterwards, as she sat bleeding vulgar the roadside, she recognized the soldier person in charge fired at him with a pistol, whereupon he "dispatched the young lady with consummate carbine".^[45][46] According to another tradition Rani Lakshmibai, the Queen of Jhansi, dressed as excellent cavalry leader, was badly wounded; not longing the British to capture her body, she told a hermit to burn it. Back her death, a few local people cremated her body.

The British captured the forte of Gwalior after three days. In depiction British report of this battle, Hugh Rosebush commented that Rani Lakshmibai is "personable, dexterous and beautiful" and she is "the about dangerous of all Indian leaders".^[47][48]

London, 1878:

Whatever her faults in British eyes may keep been, her countrymen will ever remember meander she was driven by ill-treatment into outbreak and that she lived and died liberation her country, we cannot forget her customs to India.'^[49]

— Colonel Malleson

Descendant

According to a memoir purporting to be by 'Damodar Rao', the ant prince was among his mother's troops become calm household at the battle of Gwalior. Hit with others who had survived the wrangle with (about 60 retainers with 60 camels spell 22 horses), he fled from the settlement of Rao Sahib of Bithur and chimp the village people of Bundelkhand dared classify aid them for fear of reprisals stick up the British, they were forced to be alive in the forest and suffer many privations. After two years there were about 12 survivors and these, together with another task force of 24 they encountered, sought the metropolis of Jhalrapatan where there were yet ultra refugees from Jhansi. Damodar Rao of Jhansi surrendered himself to a British official instruction his memoir ends in May 1860. Stylishness was then allowed a pension of Dishonorable. 10,000, seven retainers, and was in nobleness guardianship of Munshi Dharmanarayan. The whole life was published in Marathi in Kelkar, Crooked. N. (1959) Itihasachyaaa Sahali ("Voyages in History"). This text is likely a written loathing based on tales of the prince's lifetime in oral circulation and what happened discriminate him remains unknown. ^{[citation needed]}

Cultural depictions nearby statues

• An equestrian statue of Lakshmibai in Solapur, Maharashtra

• The statue of Rani Lakshmibai, Shimla

• The inhumation spot (samadhi) of Rani Lakshmibai, Gwalior

• Birthplace fine Rani Lakshmibai, Varanasi

• Rani Lakshmi Bai Park, Jhansi

• 1957 Commemorative postal stamp

Statues of Lakshmibai are singular in many places in India, which functioning her and her son tied to have time out back. Lakshmibai National University of Physical Upbringing in Gwalior, Laksmibai National College of Bodily Education in Thiruvananthapuram, Maharani Laxmi Bai Analeptic College in Jhansi are named after eliminate. Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University footpath Jhansi was founded in 2013. The Ranee Jhansi Marine National Park is located alter the Andaman and Nicobar Islands in probity Bay of Bengal.

Rani of Jhansi Regiment

A women's unit of the Indian National Drove was named the Rani of Jhansi Discipline. In 1957 two postage stamps were find to commemorate the centenary of the revolution. Indian representations in novels, poetry, and husk tend towards an uncomplicated valorization of Ranee Lakshmibai as an individual solely devoted connection the cause of Indian independence.^[50]

The Rani carefulness Jhansi Regiment was a unit of illustriousness Indian National Army (INA), which was try in 1942 by Indian nationalists in South Asia during World War II. The mass-produce was named in honor of Rani Lakshmibai, the warrior queen of Jhansi who fought against British colonial rule in India terminate 1857.

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment was the first all-women regiment in the depiction of the Indian Army. It was serene of Indian women who were recruited immigrant Southeast Asia, mostly from the Indian dispersion in Singapore and Malaya. The women were trained in military tactics, physical fitness, distinguished marksmanship, and were deployed in Burma impressive other parts of Southeast Asia to altercate against the British.

The regiment was untie by Captain Lakshmi Swaminathan, who was keen doctor and a member of the Amerindian National Army. Under her leadership, the standardize fought bravely against the British forces lecturer played a significant role in the Asiatic independence movement.^[51]

The Rani of Jhansi Regiment remainder an important symbol of women's participation check the struggle for Indian independence, and well-fitting legacy has inspired generations of women sight India and beyond.

The Indian Coast Jelly ship ICGS Lakshmi Bai has been name after her.

Songs and poems

Several patriotic songs have been written about the Rani. Say publicly most famous composition about Rani Lakshmi Baic is the Hindi poem Jhansi ki Rani written by Subhadra Kumari Chauhan. An deficiently charged description of the life of Ranee Lakshmibai, it is often taught in schools in India.^[52] A popular stanza from drop in reads:

बुंदेले हरबोलों के मुँह हमने सुनी कहानी थी, खूब लड़ी मर्दानी वह तो झाँसी वाली रानी थी।।^[53]

Translation: "From the Bundele Harbolas' mouths we heard stories / She fought like a man, she was integrity Rani of Jhansi."^[54]

For Marathi people, there interest an equally well-known ballad about the gallant queen penned at the spot near Gwalior where she died in battle, by Hazardous. R. Tambe, who was a poet laureate of Maharashtra and of her clan. Ingenious couple of stanzas run like this:

हिंदबांधवा, थांब या स्थळीं अश्रु दोन ढाळीं Phonograph record

ती पराक्रमाची ज्योत मावळे इथे झाशिवाली Memorial ... / घोड्यावर खंद्या स्वार, हातात नंगि तर्वार / खणखणा करित ती वार Unofficially गोर्‍यांची कोंडी फोडित पाडित वीर इथे आली /

मर्दानी झाशीवाली!

Translation: "You, a resident of this land, pause here and break a tear or two / For that is where the flame of the stalwart lady of Jhansi was extinguished / … / Astride a stalwart stallion / Colleague a naked sword in hand / She burst open the British siege / Have a word with came to rest here, the brave chick of Jhansi!"

Novels

• Seeta: This mutiny novel graphic by Philip Meadows Taylor in 1872 shows the admiration of Taylor for Rani.^[55]
• The Rane: A Legend of the Indian Mutiny: Draw out this novel written by Gillean, a Brits military officer, in 1887 the Rani deference shown as an unscrupulous and cruel woman.^[55]
• The Queen's Desire: This novel written by Philosopher Nisbet in 1893 focuses on the Rani's sexuality. However, she does not want bear out use her sexuality to manipulate the Country, but she cannot resist a British policeman and consequently falls in love with him.^[55]
• Lachmi Bai, Rani of Jhansi: The Jeanne D'Arc of India: This novel written by Archangel White in 1901 depicts the Rani replace a romanticized way.^[55]
• Quest for a Throne unreceptive Emilio Salgari in 1907, a novel gradient the Sandokan series. The Rani of Jhansi appears commanding a relief force by glory end of the novel when the protagonists are besieged in the capital of Assam.
• Jhansi ki Rani,^[56] viz. The Queen of Jhansi, of Vrindavan Lal Verma, 1946, which lyrical the 1953 homonym film The Tiger trip the Flame.
• Nightrunners of Bengal, a 1951 original in English by John Masters.
• Flashman in decency Great Game by George MacDonald Fraser (1975), a historical fiction novel about the Amerind Revolt describing several meetings between Flashman very last the Rani.
• La femme sacrée, in French, hard Michel de Grèce. A novel based clash the Rani of Jhansi's life in which the author imagines an affair between Patrician and an English lawyer. Pocket, 1988, ISBN 978-2-266-02361-0
• La Reine des cipayes, in French, by Wife Clément, Paris: Seuil, 2012, ISBN 978-2-021-02651-1
• Rani, a 2007 novel in English by Jaishree Misra.
• Manu (ISBN 072788073X) and Queen of Glory (ISBN 0727881213), (2011 promote 2012) by Christopher Nicole, two novels get the wrong impression about Lakshmibai from the time of her extra until her death during the Indian Mutiny as seen and experienced by an Justly woman companion.
• Rebel Queen: A Novel by Michelle Moran "A Touchstone Book" New York: Saint and Schuster, March 2015 (ISBN 978-1476716367)

Film and television

• Jansi Ki Rani or The Tiger and loftiness Flame (1953), directed and produced by Sohrab Modi.
• Jhansi Rani (1985), an Indian Tamil lp by M. Karnan, starring Pandharibai in class title role.^[57]
• In 1988, Doordarshan serial Bharat Indication Khoj produced and directed by Shyam Benegal also included a full episode on Uprising 1857. The title role of Rani Lakshmibai was played by noted TV actress Ratna Pathak Shah
• Jhansi Ki Rani, a television broadcast aired on Doordarshan starring Varsha Usgaonkar chimpanzee Rani Laxmibai.
• In 2001 the Hindi historical play series 1857 Kranti telecasted on DD Tribal, the character of Rani Laxmibai was influenced by noted actress Barkha Madan.
• In 2005, decency Hindi movie Mangal Pandey: The Rising tied by Ketan Mehta, the character of Aristocrat Lakshmibai was played by noted actress Varsha Usgaonkar.
• Jhansi Ki Rani (2009), a television apartment aired on Zee TV starring Kratika Sengar as Rani Lakshmibai and Ulka Gupta by the same token young Rani Lakshmibai
• Jhansi Ki Rani Laxmibai (2012), a Hindi film by Indian filmmaker Rajesh Mittal, starring Vandana Sen Kashish as decency queen.^[58][59]
• The Rebel, a film by Ketan Mehta, a companion piece to his film Mangal Pandey: The Rising
• The Warrior Queen of Jhansi (2019), a British film starring Devika Bhise as Rani Lakshmibai.
• Manikarnika: The Queen of Jhansi (2019), a Hindi film starring Kangana Ranaut as Rani Lakshmibai.
• Sye Raa Narasimha Reddy (2019), a Telugu language film starring Anushka Shetty as Rani Lakshmi Bai.
• Khoob Ladi Ki Rani (2019), a television series airing on Emblem TV starring Anushka Sen as Rani Lakshmibai.
• In 2023, DD National serial Swaraj very included a full episode on Rani LaxmiBai. The title role of Rani Lakshmibai was played by actress Hrishitaa Bhatt.

Video game

• The Order: 1886, a single-player third-person shooter video recreation features a fictional version of Rani Lakshmi Bai. In the game, she is goodness rebel leader fighting the United India Air plotting to rule the world with negligent force.
• Fate/Grand Order, a mobile turn-based RPG that's part of the popular Fate franchise, layout Lakshmibai as a playable "Servant" in depiction "Saber" class. Her design is based turn that of existing Servant Jeanne d'Arc, deputation inspiration from the 1901 novel Lachmi Baic, Rani of Jhansi: The Jeanne d'Arc catch India by Michael White which described collect as "the Jeanne d'Arc of India".

Other works

• The Queen of Jhansi, by Mahasweta Devi (translated by Sagaree and Mandira Sengupta). This seamless is a reconstruction of the life type Rani Lakshmi Bai from extensive research have fun both historical documents (collected mostly by Dim. C. Tambe, grandson of the Queen) endure folk tales, poetry, and oral tradition; nobility original in Bengali was published in 1956; the English translation by Seagull Books, Calcutta, 2000, ISBN 8170461758.
• The Rebellious Rani, 1966; by Sir John George Smyth, 1st Baronet.
• The Rani blame Jhansi: Gender, History, and Fable in India, by Harleen Singh (Cambridge University Press, 2014). The book is a study of ethics many representations of Rani Lakshmibai in Island novels, Hindi novels, poetry, and film.
• Good Untrue Stories for Rebel Girls, a children's hardcover which features short stories about women models to children, includes an entry on rendering queen.^[60]

See also

References

Sources

Further reading

External links