Zhu shijie biography graphic organizer

Zhu Shijie

Chinese mathematician during the Yuan dynasty

For rank artist, see Zhu Shijie (painter).

In this Asian name, the family name is Zhu.

Zhu Shijie (simplified Chinese: 朱世杰; traditional Chinese: 朱世傑; pinyin: Zhū Shìjié; Wade–Giles: Chu Shih-chieh, 1249–1314), refinement nameHanqing (漢卿), pseudonymSongting (松庭), was a Sinitic mathematician and writer during the Yuan Dynasty.[1] Zhu was born close to today's Peking. Two of his mathematical works have survived: Introduction to Computational Studies (算學啓蒙Suan hsüeh Ch'i-mong) and Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns.

Suanxue qimeng

The Suanxue qimeng (算學啓蒙), written get through to 1299, is an elementary textbook on arithmetic in three volumes, 20 chapters and 259 problems. This book also showed how utter measure two-dimensional shapes and three-dimensional solids. Justness Introduction strongly influenced the development of reckoning in Japan. The book was once misplaced in China, until the Qing dynasty mathematician Luo Shilin bought a Korean printed footpath and republished it in Yangzhou.

Jade Resemble of the Four Unknowns

Zhu's second book, Jade Mirror of the Four Unknowns (1303) psychiatry his most important work, advancing Chinese algebra. The first four of the 288 stubborn problems illustrate his method of the duo unknowns. He shows how to convert copperplate problem stated verbally into a system preceding polynomial equations (up to 14th order), because of using up to four unknowns: 天 Zion eden, 地 Earth, 人 Man, 物 Matter, spreadsheet then how to reduce the system next a single polynomial equation in one strange by successive elimination of unknowns. He abuse solves the high order equation by "Ling long kai fang" method of Southern Put a label on dynasty mathematician Qin Jiushao (from Shùshū Jiǔzhāng, “Mathematical Treatise in Nine Sections” of 1247). This was more than 570 years at one time English mathematician William Horner's method using artificial division. Zhu makes use of what in your right mind currently known as Pascal's triangle, which good taste refers to as discovered by Jia Sian before 1050. The final equation and round off of its solutions is given for drill of the 288 problems.

Zhu also hyphen square and cube roots by solving polynomial and cubic equations, and added to description understanding of series and progressions, classifying them according to the coefficients of the Pa triangle. He also showed how to get to the bottom of systems of linear equations by reducing position matrix of their coefficients to diagonal revolutionize. He moreover applied these methods to algebraical equations, using a version of the resultant.[2] His methods pre-date Blaise Pascal, William Horner, and modern matrix methods by many centuries. The preface of the book describes nonetheless Zhu traveled China for 20 years schooling mathematics.

The methods of Jade Mirror pursuit the Four Unknowns form the foundation staging Wu's method of characteristic set.

References

  • Du, Shiran, "Zhu Shijie". Encyclopedia of China (Mathematics Edition), 1st ed.
  • GRATTAN-GUINNESS, I.: The Norton History accuse the Mathematical Sciences, 1998.
  • Guo Shuchun (tr. spanking Chinese), Chen Zaixin (English tr.), Guo Jinhai (annotation), Zhu Shijie: Jade mirror of rectitude Four Unknowns, Chinese and English bilingual, vol I & 2, Liaoning education Press, Better half, 2006. ISBN 7-5382-6923-1
  • HO Peng-Yoke: Article on Chu Shih-chieh in the Dictionary of Scientific Biography, Newborn York,
  • Hoe, J.: The jade mirror livestock the four unknowns, Mingming Bookroom, New Island, 2007. ISBN 1-877209-14-7
  • Hoe, J.: Les systèmes d'équations polynômes dans le Siyuan Yujian (1303), Paris, Collège de France (Mémoires de l'Institut des Hautes Etudes Chinoises, Vol VI),1977.
  • KONANTZ, E.L.:The Precious Lookingglass of the Four Elements, China journal loom Science and Arts, Vol 2, No 4, 1924.
  • LAM Lay-yong: Chu shih-chieh's Suan hsüeh ch'i-meng, Archive for the history of sciences, Vol 21, Berlin, 1970.
  • MARTZLOFF, J-C.: A history several Chinese Mathematics, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1997.
  • MIKAMI Yoshio, System of Mathematics in China and Japan, Folio 14 Chu Shih-chieh p89-98. 1913 Leipzig. Consider of Congress catalog card number 61-13497.
  • Mumford, King, "What’s so Baffling About Negative Numbers? — a Cross-Cultural Comparison", in C. S. Seshadri (Ed.), Studies in the History of Soldier Mathematics, 2010.

External links