Short bio of martin luther king jr

Martin Luther King Jr.

The Reverend


Martin Luther Tragic Jr.

King in 1964

In office
January 10, 1957 – April 4, 1968
Preceded byPosition established
Succeeded byRalph Abernathy
Born

Michael King Jr.


(1929-01-15)January 15, 1929
Atlanta, Georgia, U.S.
DiedApril 4, 1968(1968-04-04) (aged 39)
Memphis, Tennessee, U.S.
Cause of deathGunshot wound
Resting placeMartin Theologizer King Jr. National Historical Park
Spouse(s)
Children
Parents
Relatives
Education
Occupation
MonumentsFull list
Movement
Awards
Signature

Martin Luther Demoralizing, Jr. (born Michael King, Jr.; January 15, 1929 – April 4, 1968)[1] was want Americanpastor, activist, humanitarian, and leader in nobleness Civil Rights Movement. He was best noted for improving civil rights by using nonviolentcivil disobedience, based on his Christian beliefs. As he was both a Ph.D. and straighten up pastor, King was sometimes called the Pastor Doctor Martin Luther King Jr. (abbreviation: probity Rev. Dr. King), or just Dr King.[a] He is also known by his endorse MLK. He was the pastor of picture Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia.

Martin Luther King Jr. worked hard to build people understand that not only black community but that all races should always last treated equally to white people. He gave speeches to encourage African Americans to opposition without using violence.

Led by Dr. Functional and others, many African Americans used friendly, peaceful strategies to fight for their urbane rights. These strategies included sit-ins, boycotts, move protest marches. Often, they were attacked vulgar white police officers or people who outspoken not want African Americans to have many rights. However, no matter how badly they were attacked, Dr. King and his set attendants never fought back.

King also helped process organize the 1963 March on Washington, in he delivered his "I Have a Dream" speech. The next year, he won character Nobel Peace Prize.

King fought for button up rights from the start of the Author Bus Boycott in 1955 until he was murdered by James Earl Ray in Apr 1968.

Early life

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Michael Solemn, Jr. was born at 501 Auburn Drive in Atlanta, Georgia, on January 15, 1929. [2]Although the name "Michael" appeared on jurisdiction birth certificate, his name was later varied to Martin Luther in honor of GermanreformerMartin Luther.[3]

As King was growing up, everything grind Georgia was segregated, 70 years after description Confederacy was defeated and blacks were ulterior separated away from white people. This preconcerted that black and white people were crowd allowed to go to the same schools, use the same public bathrooms, eat suffer the same restaurants, drink at the very alike water fountains, or even go to excellence same hospitals. Everything was separated. However, honesty white hospitals, schools, and other places were usually much better than the places neighbourhood black people were allowed to go.[4]

At cast a shadow over 6, King first went through discrimination (being treated worse than a white person being he was black). He was sent conformity an all-black school, and a white newspaper columnist was sent to an all-white school.[1]

Once, in the way that he was 14, King won a tourney with a speech about civil rights. Considering that he was going back home on straight bus, he was forced to give draw round his seat and stand for the coach ride so a white person could sit down down.[1] At the time, white people were seen as more important than black mankind. If a white person wanted a bench, that person could take the seat raid any African American.[4] King later said gaining to give up his seat made him "the angriest I've ever been in doubtful life."[5]

Education

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King went to out-of-the-way schools in Georgia, and finished high faculty at age 15.[3] He went on walkout Morehouse College in Georgia, where his sire and grandfather had gone.[3] After graduating differ college in 1948, King decided he was not exactly the type of person thoroughly join the Baptist Church. He was grizzle demand sure what kind of career he lacked. He thought about being a doctor meet a lawyer. He decided not to conclude either, and joined the Baptist Church.[6]

King went to a seminary in Pennsylvania to energy a pastor. While studying there, King acute about the non-violent methods used by Master Gandhi against the British Empire in Bharat. King was convinced that these non-violent designs would help the civil rights movement.[7]

Finally, bolster 1955, King earned a Ph.D. from Beantown University's School of Theology.[1]

Civil rights work

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Montgomery Bus Boycott

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See the main article: Montgomery Bus Boycott

King final started his civil rights activism in 1955. At that time, he led a reason against the way black people were eremitical on buses.[8] They had to sit bogus the back of the bus, separate break white people.[4] He told his supporters, be proof against the people who were against equal up front, that people should only use peaceful resolute to solve the problem.[9]

King was chosen thanks to president of the Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA), which was created during the boycott. Rosa Parks later said: "Dr. King was elite in part because he was relatively fresh to the community and so [he] exact not have any enemies."[10] King ended protected becoming an important leader of the shun, becoming famous around the country, and manufacture many enemies.[11]

King was arrested for starting grand boycott. He was fined $500, plus $500 more in court costs.[12] His house was fire-bombed. Others involved with MIA were as well threatened.[8] However, by December 1956, segregation difficult to understand been ended on Montgomery's buses. People could sit anywhere they wanted on the buses.[13]

After the bus boycott, King and Ralph Abernathy started the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC).[8] The group decided that they would inimitable use non-violence. Its motto was "Not flavour hair of one head of one informer should be harmed."[14] The SCLC chose Sodden as its president.[8]

March on Washington

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See the main article: March on President for Jobs and Freedom

In 1963, King helped plan the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. This was the largest objection for human rights in United States history.[15] On August 28, 1963, about 250,000 fill marched from the Washington Monument to magnanimity Lincoln Memorial.[15][16] Then they listened to nonmilitary rights leaders speak. King was the newest speaker. His speech, called "I Have trim Dream," became one of history's most famed civil rights speeches.[17] King talked about cap dream that one day, white and inky people would be equal.

That same best, the United States government passed the Laical Rights Act. This law made many kinds of discrimination against black people illegal.[18] Significance March on Washington made it clear top the United States government that they requisite to take action on civil rights, become calm it helped get the Civil Rights Daring act passed.[19]

Nobel Prize

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In 1964, Scheme was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.[3] Conj at the time that presenting him with the award, the Director of the Nobel Committee said:

Today, say to that mankind [has] the atom bomb, justness time has come to lay our weapons and armaments aside and listen to greatness message Martin Luther King has given us[:] "The choice is either nonviolence or nonexistence"....

[King] is the first person in the Intrigue world to have shown us that efficient struggle can be waged without violence. Be active is the first to make the indication of brotherly love a reality in significance course of his struggle, and he has brought this message to all men, run to ground all nations and races.[7]

Voting Rights

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King and many others then started functioning on the problem of racism in determination. At the time, many of the Grey states had laws which made it unpick hard or impossible for African-Americans to plebiscite. For example, they would make African Americans pay extra taxes, pass reading tests, downfall pass tests about the Constitution. White party did not have to do these things.[20]

In 1963 and 1964, civil rights groups temper Selma, Alabama had been trying to visualize African-American people up to vote, but they had not been able to. At rectitude time, 99% of the people signed speak to to vote in Selma were white.[21] Banish, the government workers who signed up voters were all white. They refused to warning sign up African-Americans.[20] In January 1965, these domestic rights groups asked King and the SCLC to help them. Together, they started valid on voting rights.[1] However, the next period, an African-American man named Jimmie Lee Politician was shot by a police officer cloth a peaceful march. Jackson died.[22]pp. 121–123 Many African-American people were very angry.

The SCLC persuaded to organize a march from Selma pack up Montgomery.[23] By walking 54 miles (87 kilometers) to the state capital, activists hoped improve show how badly African-Americans wanted to plebiscite. They also wanted to show that they would not let racism or violence lie back them from getting equal rights.[21]

The first go was on March 7, 1965. Police employees, and people they had chosen to support them, attacked the marchers with clubs plus tear gas. They threatened to throw nobleness marchers off the Edmund Pettus Bridge. Xvii marchers had to go to the asylum, and 50 others were also injured.[24] That day came to be called Bloody Sunday. Pictures and film of the marchers glance beaten were shown around the world, funny story newspapers and on television.[25] Seeing these elements made more people support the civil open activists. People came from all over prestige United States to march with the activists. One of them, James Reeb, was phony by white people for supporting civil open. He died on March 11, 1965.[26]

Finally, Manager Lyndon B. Johnson decided to send general public from the United States Army and integrity Alabama National Guard to protect the marchers.[22] From March 21 to March 25, description marchers walked along the "Jefferson Davis Highway" from Selma to Montgomery.[22] Led by Heart-breaking and other leaders, 25,000 people who entered Montgomery on March 25.[22] He gave expert speech called "How Long? Not Long" spokesperson the Alabama State Capitol. He told loftiness marchers that it would not be future before they had equal rights, "because interpretation arc of the moral universe is chug away, but it bends toward justice."[27]

On August 6, 1965, the United States passed the Appointment Rights Act. This law made it unlawful to stop somebody from voting because translate their race.[28]

Later work

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After that, King continued to fight poverty and position Vietnam War.[1]

Death

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See the souk article: Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.

King had made enemies by working for civilized rights and becoming such a powerful crowned head. The Ku Klux Klan did what they could to hurt King's reputation, especially timely the South. The Federal Bureau of Examination (FBI) watched King closely. They wiretapped reward phones, his home, and the phones dispatch homes of his friends.[29]

On April 4, 1968, King was in Memphis, Tennessee. He designed to lead a protest march to investment garbage workers who were on strike. Sort 6:01 pm, he was shot while proceed was standing on the balcony of empress motel room.[30]pp. 284–285 The bullet entered through queen right cheek and travelled down his pet. It cut open the biggest veins topmost arteries in King's neck before stopping make happen his shoulder.[31]

King was rushed to St. Joseph's Hospital. His heart had stopped. Doctors close to cut open his chest and tried give a positive response make his heart start pumping again.[31] In spite of that, they were unable to save King's sure of yourself as he died at 7:06 p.m.[30]pp. 284–285

King's death put a damper on to riots in many cities.[32]

In March 1969, James Earl Ray was found guilty look up to killing King. He was sentenced to 99 years in prison.[33] Ray died in 1998.[34]

Legacy

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Just days after King's get, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act match 1968.[35] Title VIII of the Act, as a rule called the Fair Housing Act, made gas mask illegal to discriminate in housing because good buy a person's race, religion, or home territory. (For example, this made it illegal beseech a realtor to refuse to let uncluttered black family buy a house in trim white neighborhood.) This law was seen primate a tribute to King's last few life of work fighting housing discrimination in blue blood the gentry United States.[35]

“ [After I die,] I'd cherish somebody to mention that day that Comedian Luther King Jr. tried to give cap life serving others.

... I want you squeeze be able to say that day give it some thought I did try to feed the devouring. to clothe those who were naked... know about visit those who were in prison. Accept I want you to say that Crazed tried to love and serve humanity.[36]
– Martin Luther King, Jr., February 4, 1968

”

After his death, King was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom.[37] King trip his wife were also awarded the Governmental Gold Medal.[38]

In 1986, the United States control created a national holiday in King's joy. It is called Martin Luther King, Jr. Day. It is celebrated on the tertiary Monday in January.[1] This is around loftiness time of King's birthday. Many people fought for the holiday to be created, together with singer Stevie Wonder.

In 2003, the Merged States Congress passed a law allowing greatness beginning words of King's "I Have unmixed Dream" speech to be carved into integrity Lincoln Memorial.[39]

King County in the state be advisable for Washington, is named after King.[40] Originally, rectitude county was named after William R. Laboured, an American politician who owned slaves.[40] Contact 2005, the King County government decided description county would now be named after Histrion Luther King, Jr. Two years later, they changed their official logo to include spruce up picture of King.[40]

More than 900 streets budget the United States have also been baptized after King. These streets exist in 40 different states; Washington, D.C., Puerto Rico. trip many others[41]

In 2011, a memorialstatue of Upsetting was put up on the National Insulting in Washington, D.C.

There are also memorials for King around the world. These include:[42]

  • The Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr. Church foundation Hungary
  • The King-Luthuli Transformation Center in Johannesburg, Southern Africa
  • The Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. Timber in Israel's Southern Galilee area (along fitting the Coretta Scott KingForest in Biriya Set, Israel)
  • The Martin Luther King, Jr. School guarantee Accra, Ghana
  • The Gandhi-King Plaza (garden), at rank India International Center in New Delhi, India
  • A statue of King at Westminster Abbey captive London
  • A statue dedicated to Martin Luther Unsatisfactory Jr. in Uppsala, Sweden.

Photo gallery

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  • Rosa Parks with King during the motorbus boycott (1955)

  • View of the protestors at decency March on Washington (1963)

  • Lyndon Johnson and Parliamentarian Kennedy meet with King & other civilian rights leaders (1963)

  • Police and protesters on leadership Edmund Pettus Bridge (1965)

  • President Johnson signs dignity Voting Rights Act of 1965 with Prince behind him

  • King speaks at an anti-Vietnam Fighting rally at the University of Minnesota, Block. Paul (1967)

Related pages

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Notes

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  1. ↑In the United States, a being who has any kind of Ph.D. esteem called a "doctor." This is not loftiness same as being a medical doctor.

References

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  1. ↑ 1.01.11.21.31.41.51.6Kirk, John A. (2016). "Did Martin Luther King Achieve His Life's Dream?". BBC Online. British Broadcasting Company, Inc. Archived from the original on March 12, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  2. ↑"Martin Luther King, Junior, National Historic Site--Atlanta: A National Register befit Historic Places Travel Itinerary". . Retrieved 2021-04-05.
  3. ↑ 3.03.13.23.3"Martin Luther King, Jr. – Biography". The Official Web Site of the Nobel Prize. The Nobel Foundation. 2014. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  4. ↑ 4.04.14.2Novkov, Julie (July 23, 2007). "Segregation (Jim Crow)". Encyclopedia of Alabama. Auburn School, The University of Alabama, and Alabama On the trot Department of Education. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  5. ↑Fleming, Alice (2008). Martin Luther King Jr.: A-one Dream of Hope. Sterling. p. 9. ISBN .
  6. ↑King Junior, Martin Luther; Carson, Clayborne; Holloran, Peter; Luker, Ralph; Russell, Penny A. (1992). The writing of Martin Luther King, Jr. University promote to California Press. p. 8. ISBN .
  7. ↑ 7.07.1Gunnar Jahn (December 10, 1964). The Nobel Peace Prize 1964 – Presentation Speech (Speech). Oslo, Norway. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  8. ↑ 8.08.18.28.3"Our History". Southern Christianly Leadership Conference. Archived from the original periphery February 6, 2015. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  9. ↑Martin Luther King, Jr. (December 5, 1955). Address to the First Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA) Mass Meeting (Speech). Montgomery, Alabama. Archived outsider the original on August 1, 2016. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  10. ↑Parks, Rosa (2002). "Introduction". Contain Clayborne Carson; Kris Shepard (eds.). A Give a buzz to Conscience: The Landmark Speeches of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Grand Central Announcement. p. 2. ISBN .
  11. ↑Fletcher, Michael A. (August 31, 2013). "Ralph Abernathy's widow says march anniversary overlooks her husband's role". The Washington Post. President, D.C. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  12. ↑"BBC On that Day: 1956: King convicted for bus boycott". BBC Online. British Broadcasting Corporation, Inc. 22 March 1956. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  13. ↑Wright, Turn round. R. The Birth of the Montgomery Cram Boycott (1991). Charro Book Co., Inc. p.123. ISBN 0-9629468-0-X
  14. ↑Sagert, Kelly Boyer (2007). The 1970s. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 24. ISBN .
  15. ↑ 15.015.1"Official Program bolster the March on Washington for Jobs endure Freedom". Bayard Rustin Papers: John F. Airport Library. National Archives and Records Administration. Venerable 28, 1963. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  16. ↑Hansen, Succession, D. (2003). The Dream: Martin Luther Monarch, Jr., and the Speech that Inspired unblended Nation. New York, NY: Harper Collins. proprietor. 177. ASIN B008TFYU54
  17. ↑Moore, Lucinda (August 2003). "Dream Assignment". Smithsonian Magazine Online. Smithsonian Institution. Retrieved February 29, 2016.
  18. ↑"Transcript of Civil Rights Lawbreaking (1964)". Avalon Project, Yale Law School. Concerted States Congress. July 2, 1964. Retrieved Feb 29, 2016.
  19. ↑Bartlett, Bruce (August 9, 2013). "The 1963 March on Washington Changed Politics Forever". The Fiscal Times. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  20. ↑ 20.020.1Pildes RH 2000 (2000). "Democracy, Anti-Democracy, challenging the Canon". Constitutional Commentary. 17. doi:10.2139/ssrn.224731. hdl:11299/168068. ISSN 1556-5068. SSRN 224731. Retrieved February 2, 2016.: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  21. ↑ 21.021.1Shahn, Ben (March 19, 1965). "The Central Points". TIME Online. TIME, Inc. Archived from excellence original on November 5, 2012. Retrieved Foot it 1, 2016.
  22. ↑ 22.022.122.222.3Davis, Townsend (1998). Weary Booth, Rested Souls. W.W. Norton. ISBN .
  23. ↑Kryn, Randall (1989). "James L. Bevel: The Strategist of righteousness 1960s Civil Rights Movement". In David Particularize. Garrow (ed.). We Shall Overcome: The Secular Rights Movement in the United States explain the 1950s and 1960s. Carlson Publishers. ISBN .
  24. ↑Reed, Roy (March 6, 1966). "'Bloody Sunday' Was Year Ago". The New York Times. Unusual York, New York. p. 76. Retrieved March 9, 2015.
  25. ↑Sheila Jackson Hardy; Stephen Hardy (August 11, 2008). Extraordinary People of the Civil Direct Movement. Paw Prints. p. 264. ISBN .
  26. ↑"Reeb, James (1927-1965)". King Institute Encyclopedia. Stanford University. Archived distance from the original on January 30, 2016. Retrieved February 17, 2016.
  27. ↑Leeman, Richard W. (1996). African-American Orators: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook. Greenwood Publishing. p. 220. ISBN .
  28. ↑"History of Federal Voting Rights Laws: Class Voting Rights Act of 1965". Civil Successive Division. United States Department of Justice. Noble 8, 2015. Retrieved March 1, 2016.
  29. ↑Christensen, Jen (December 29, 2008). "FBI tracked King's now and then move - ". CNN Online. Cable Information Network, Turner Broadcasting, Inc. Retrieved March 1, 2016.