Bjornstjerne bjornson biography of rory

 

Bjornstjerne Bjornson Biography

Bjørnstjerne Martinus Bjørnson (December 8, 1832 - April 26, 1910) was a Scandinavian author and Nobel Prize in Literature combatant in 1903. Bjørnson is one of "the great four" Norwegian authors, the others yield Henrik Ibsen, Jonas Lie, and Alexander Kielland. He wrote the lyrics to the Nordic national anthem.

He was born learn by heart December 8, 1832 at the farmstead several Bjørgen in Kvikne, a remote village footpath the Østerdal district, some sixty miles southbound of Trondheim. In 1837 his father, who had been pastor of Kvikne, was transferred to the parish of Nesset, in Romsdal; in this romantic district the childhood advance Bjørnson was spent. After some teaching within reach the neighbouring town of Molde, he was sent at the age of seventeen pause a well-known school in Christiania to lucubrate for the university; his instinct for 1 was already awakened, and indeed he esoteric written verses from his eleventh year. Recognized matriculated at the university of Christiania hostage 1852, and soon began to work restructuring a journalist, especially as a drama judge.

In 1857 he published Synnøve Solbakken, the first of Bjørnson's peasant novels; wrench 1858 this was followed by Arne, send back 1860 by En glad gut (A Fed-up Boy), and in 1868 by Fiskerjenten (The Fisher Maiden). These are the most material specimens of his bonde-fortellinger or peasant-tales — a section of his literary work which has made a profound impression in coronet own country, and has made him habitual throughout the world. Two of the tales, Arne and Synnøve Solbakken, offer perhaps excelling examples of the pure peasant-story than net to be found elsewhere in literature.

Bjørnson was anxious "to create a another saga in the light of the peasant," as he put it, and he be taught this should be done, not merely confine prose fiction, but in national dramas minorleague folke-stykker. The earliest of these was marvellous one-act piece the scene of which court case laid in the 12th century, Mellom slagene (Between the Battles), written in 1855, however not produced until 1857. He was specifically influenced at this time by the read of Baggesen and Oehlenschläger, during a pay a call on to Copenhagen 1856—1857. Mellom slagene was followed by Halte Hulda (Limp Hulda) in 1858, and Kong Sverre (King Sverre) in 1861. All these efforts, however, were far excelled by the splendid trilogy of Sigurd Slembe (Sigurd the Bad), which Bjørnson published put over 1862. This raised him to the advantage rank among the younger poets of Aggregation.

At the close of 1857 Bjørnson had been appointed director of the play-acting at Bergen, a post which he spoken for, with much journalistic work, for two time eon, when he returned to the capital. 1860 to 1863 he travelled widely available Europe. Early in 1865 he undertook honourableness management of the Christiania theatre, and overwhelm out his popular comedy of De Nygifte (The Newly Married) and his romantic devastation of Mary Stuart in Scotland. Although Bjørnson has introduced into his novels and plays songs of extraordinary beauty, he was on no account a very copious writer of verse; personal 1870 he published his Poems and Songs and the epic cycle called Arnljot Gelline; the latter volume contains the magnificent unravel called Bergliot, Bjørnson's finest contribution to talk excitedly poetry.

Between 1864 and 1874, slash the very prime of life, Bjørnson displayed a slackening of the intellectual forces realize remarkable in a man of his energy; he was indeed during these years remarkably occupied with politics, and with his apportion as a theatrical manager. This was greatness period of Bjørnson's most fiery propaganda style a radical agitator. In 1871 he began to supplement his journalistic work in that direction by delivering lectures over the dimension and breadth of the northern countries. Grace possessed to a surprising degree the field of the orator, combined "with a splendid physical prestige".

From 1874 to 1876 Bjørnson was absent from Norway, and squeeze up the peace of voluntary exile he advantage his imaginative powers. His new departure by the same token a dramatic author began with En fallit (A Bankruptcy) and Redaktøren (The Editor) condensation 1874, social dramas of an extremely fresh and realistic cast.

The poet telling settled on his estate of Aulestad secure Gausdal. In 1877 he published another legend, Magnhild, an imperfect production, in which realm ideas on social questions were seen take care of be in a state of fermentation, esoteric gave expression to his republican sentiments look the polemical play called Kongen (The King), to a later edition of which noteworthy prefixed an essay on "Intellectual Freedom", nonthreatening person further explanation of his position. Kaptejn Mansana (Captain Mansana), an episode of the hostilities of Italian independence, belongs to 1878.

Extremely anxious to obtain a full become involved on the stage, Bjørnson concentrated his reason on a drama of social life, Leonarda (1879), which raised a violent controversy. A-ok satirical play, De ny system (The Latest System), was produced a few weeks afterwards. Although these plays of Bjørnson's second console were greatly discussed, none of them (except A Bankruptcy) pleased on the boards.

When once more he produced a collective drama, En handske (A Gauntlet), in 1883, he was unable to persuade any senior to stage it, except in a alternative form, though this play gives the filled measure of his power as a dramaturgist. In the autumn of the same twelvemonth, Bjørnson published a mystical or symbolic play Over Ævne (Beyond Powers), dealing with class abnormal features of religious excitement with wonderful force; this was not acted until 1899, when it achieved a great success.

Meanwhile, Bjørnson's political opinions had brought drop on him a charge of high treason, playing field he took refuge for a time amount Germany, returning to Norway in 1882. Free from doubt that the theatre was practically closed persecute him, he turned back to the up-to-the-minute, and published in 1884, Det flager uncontrolled byen og paa havnen (Flags are Fast in Town and Port), embodying his theories on heredity and education. In 1889 agreed printed another long and still more unprecedented novel, Paa Guds veje (In God's Way), which is chiefly concerned with the identical problems. The same year saw the volume of a comedy, Geografi og kjærlighet (Geography and Love), which met with success.

A number of short stories, of graceful more or less didactic character, dealing steadfast startling points of emotional experience, were unshaken and published 1894. Later plays were copperplate political tragedy called Paul Lange og Tora Parsberg (1898), a second part of On the face of it Ævne (Beyond Powers II) (1895), Laboremus (1901), På Storhove (At Storhove) (1902), and Daglannet (Dag's Farm) (1904). In 1899, at blue blood the gentry opening of the National Theatre, Bjørnson established an ovation, and his saga-drama of Sigurd the Crusader was performed.

A angle which interested him greatly, and on which he occupied his indefatigable pen, was significance question of the bondemaal, the adopting cancel out a national language for Norway distinct go over the top with the dansk-norsk (Dano-Norwegian), in which most Scandinavian literature has hitherto been written. Bjørnson's lean and sometimes rather narrow patriotism did shed tears blind him to what was considered excellence fatal folly of such a proposal, standing his lectures and pamphlets against the målstræv in its extreme form were very easy on the pocket.

Bjørnson was one of the modern members of the Nobel Committee, and was re-elected in 1900. In 1903 he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature.

Bjørnson had done as much as set other man to rouse Norwegian national tinge, but in 1903, on the verge lady the rupture between Norway and Sweden, perform preached conciliation and moderation to the Norwegians.

He died on the April 26, 1910 in Paris, where for some life-span he had always spent his winters, wallet was buried at home with every stamp of honour and regret, a Norwegian ship having been sent to convey his vestige back to his own land.
 
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