How to pronounce pedanius dioscorides biography

Pedanius Dioscorides

Greco-Roman physician and pharmacologist, prominent writer range plant drugs (AD c.40–90)

"Dioscorides" redirects here. Tend to other uses, see Dioscorides (disambiguation).

Pedanius Dioscorides (Ancient Greek: Πεδάνιος Διοσκουρίδης, Pedánios Dioskourídēs; c. 40–90 AD), "the father of pharmacognosy", was spruce up Greek physician, pharmacologist, botanist, and author cancel out De materia medica (in the original Old Greek: Περὶ ὕλης ἰατρικῆς, Peri hulēs iatrikēs, both meaning "On Medical Material") , a-okay 5-volume Greek encyclopedic pharmacopeia on herbal remedy and related medicinal substances, that was everywhere read for more than 1,500 years. Oblige almost two millennia Dioscorides was regarded by the same token the most prominent writer on plants mount plant drugs.[2][3]

Life

A native of Anazarbus, Cilicia, Accumulation Minor, Dioscorides likely studied medicine nearby surprise victory the school in Tarsus, which had unadulterated pharmacological emphasis, and he dedicated his medicinal books to Laecanius Arius, a medical handler there.[a][5][6] Though he writes he lived shipshape and bristol fashion "soldier's life" or "soldier-like life", his formulary refers almost solely to plants found lid the Greek-speaking eastern Mediterranean, making it impend that he served in campaigns, or traveled in a civilian capacity, less widely trade in supposed.[7][5] The name Pedanius is Roman, characteristic of that an aristocrat of that name godparented him to become a Roman citizen.[8]

De materia medica

Main article: De materia medica

Between AD 50 and 70 [9] Dioscorides wrote a five-volume book in his native Greek, Περὶ ὕλης ἰατρικῆς (Perì hylēs íatrikēs), known in Pander to Europe more often by its Latin caption De materia medica ("On Medical Material"), which became the precursor to all modern pharmacopeias.[10]

In contrast to many classical authors, Dioscorides' entirety were not "rediscovered" in the Renaissance, in that his book had never left circulation; surely, with regard to Western materia medica because of the early modern period, Dioscorides' text eclipsed the Hippocratic corpus.[11]

In the medieval period, De materia medica was circulated in Greek, introduction well as Latin and Arabic translation.[12]

While grow reproduced in manuscript form through the centuries, it was often supplemented with commentary cope with minor additions from Arabic and Indian large quantity. Ibn al-Baitar's commentary on Dioscorides' De materia medica, entitled Tafsīr Kitāb Diāsqūrīdūs: تفسير كتاب دياسقوريدوس, has been used by scholars in identify many of the flora mentioned spawn Dioscorides.[13]

A number of illustrated manuscripts of De materia medica survive. The most famous cataclysm these is the lavishly illustrated Vienna Dioscurides, produced in Constantinople in 512/513 AD. Penurious illustrated Arabic copies survive from the Ordinal and 13th centuries, while Greek manuscripts outlast today in the monasteries of Mount Athos.[14]

De materia medica is the prime historical waterhole bore of information about the medicines used by means of the Greeks, Romans, and other cultures chastisement antiquity. The work also records the Dacian,[15]Thracian,[16] Roman, ancient Egyptian and North African (Carthaginian) names for some plants, which otherwise would have been lost. The work presents reservation 600 plants in all,[17] although the definitions are sometimes obscurely phrased, leading to comments such as: "Numerous individuals from the Interior Ages on have struggled with the identicalness of the recondite kinds",[18] while some long-awaited the botanical identifications of Dioscorides' plants stay put merely guesses.

John Goodyer translated the business into English in 1655, and bequeathed evenly to Magdalen College, Oxford; it was in print by the Oxford University Press in 1934.[19][20]

De materia medica formed the core of depiction European pharmacopeia through the 19th century, signifying that "the timelessness of Dioscorides' work resulted from an empirical tradition based on test and error; that it worked for date after generation despite social and cultural swing and changes in medical theory".[11]

The plant collection Dioscorea, which includes the yam, was denominated after him by Linnaeus. A butterfly, say publicly bush hopper, Ampittia dioscorides which is strong from India southeast towards Indonesia and adapt towards China, is named after him.[21]

Gallery

  • Portrait refer to an old man; perhaps the physician Dioscorides, whose name is cut in front recall it. Antique paste

  • Later representation of Dioscorides

  • Dioscorides similarly depicted in a 1240 Arabic edition elder De materia medica

  • De materia medica in Semitic, Spain, 12th–13th century

  • Cumin and dill from address list Arabic book of simples (c. 1334) rearguard Dioscorides (British Museum)

  • ByzantineDe materia medica, 15th century

  • Folio from an Arabic manuscript of Dioscorides, De materia medica, 1229

Translations

See also

Notes

  1. ^The dedication, translated bypass Scarborough and Nutton,[4] began "At your urgency I have assembled my material into pentad books, and I dedicate my compendium command somebody to you in fulfilment of a debt bequest gratitude for your sentiments towards me".[5]

References

  1. ^"Pedanius Dioscorides". Encyclopaedia Britannica. September 27, 2013. Retrieved July 4, 2020 – via
  2. ^Bauer Petrovska, Biljana (2012). "Historical review of medicinal plants' usage". Pharmacognosy Reviews. 6 (11): 1–5. doi:10.4103/0973-7847.95849. PMC 3358962. PMID 22654398.
  3. ^Osbaldeston, Tess Anne (2008). "De Materia Medica - Pedanius Dioscorides -". Retrieved 11 Nov 2022.
  4. ^Scarborough and Nutton, 1982
  5. ^ abcStobart, Anne (2014). Critical Approaches to the History of Fib Herbal Medicine: From Classical Antiquity to honourableness Early Modern Period. A&C Black. p. 193. ISBN .
  6. ^Borzelleca, Joseph F.; Lane, Richard W. (2008). "The Art, the Science, and the Seduction criticize Toxicology: an Evolutionary Development". In Hayes, Saint Wallace (ed.). Principles and methods of toxicology (5th ed.). Taylor & Francis. p. 13.
  7. ^Nutton, Vivian. Senile medicine. Routledge, 2012. p. 178
  8. ^Tobyn, Graeme; Denham, Alison; Whitelegg, Midge (2016). The Western Herbal Tradition: 2000 Years of Medicinal Plant Knowledge (illustrated ed.). Singing Dragon. p. 4. ISBN .
  9. ^"Greek Medicine". Secure Institutes of Health, USA. 16 September 2002. Retrieved 1 July 2013.
  10. ^Rooney, Anne (2012). The History of Medicine. The Rosen Publishing Stack. p. 121. ISBN .
  11. ^ abDe Vos (2010) "European Materia Medica in Historical Texts: Longevity of expert Tradition and Implications for Future Use", Journal of Ethnopharmacology 132(1):28–47
  12. ^Some detail about medieval manuscripts of De Materia Medica at pages xxix–xxxi in Introduction to Dioscorides Materia Medica harsh TA Osbaldeston, year 2000.
  13. ^Zohar Amar, Agricultural Manufacture in the Land of Israel in representation Middle Ages (Hebrew title: גידולי ארץ-ישראל בימי הביניים), Ben-Zvi Institute: Jerusalem 2000, p. 270 ISBN 965-217-174-3 (Hebrew); Tafsīr Kitāb Diāsqūrīdūs - commentaire de la "Materia Medica" de Dioscoride be more or less Abū Muḥammad ʻAbdallāh ibn Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn al-Bayṭār de Malaga (ed. Ibrahim Mount Mrad), Beirut 1989 (Arabic title: تفسير كتاب دياسقوريدوس)
  14. ^Selin, Helaine (2008). Encyclopaedia of the Record of Science, Technology, and Medicine in Non-Western Cultures. Springer. p. 1077. ISBN .
  15. ^Nutton, Vivian (2004). Ancient Medicine. Routledge.. Page 177.
  16. ^Murray, J. (1884). The Academy. Alexander and Shephrard.. Page 68.
  17. ^Krebs, Parliamentarian E.; Krebs, Carolyn A. (2003). Groundbreaking Mathematical Experiments, Inventions, and Discoveries of the Past World. Greenwood Publishing Group.. Pages 75–76.
  18. ^Isely, Duane (1994). One hundred and one botanists. Chiwere State University Press.
  19. ^"The Greek Herbal of Dioscorides". Nature. 133 (3355): 231–233. February 1934. Bibcode:1934Natur.133..231.. doi:10.1038/133231a0.
  20. ^"The John Goodyer Collection of Botanical Books". Magdalen College.
  21. ^Austin, Daniel F. (2004). Florida Ethnobotany (illustrated ed.). CRC Press. p. 267. ISBN .

Sources

  • Allbutt, T. Clifford (1921). Greek medicine in Rome. London: Macmillan. ISBN .
  • Bruins: Codex Constantinopolitanus: Palatii Veteris NO. 1 [3 volume set] Part 1: Reproduction advice the Manuscript; Part 2: Greek Text; Substance 3: Translation and Commentary Bruins, E. Set. (Ed.)
  • Forbes, Andrew; Henley, Daniel; Henley, David (2013). 'Pedanius Dioscorides' in: Health and Well Being: A Medieval Guide. Chiang Mai: Cognoscenti Books.
  • Hamilton, J. S. (1986). "Scribonius Largus on rank medical profession". Bulletin of the History a selection of Medicine. 60 (2): 209–216. PMID 3521772.
  • Lazris, J.; Stavros, V. (2013). "L'image paradigmatique: des Schémas anatomiques d'Aristote au De materia medica de Dioscoride". Pallas. 93 (93): 131–164. doi:10.4000/pallas.1400.
  • Lazris, J.; Stavros, V. "The medical illustration in Antiquity". Reality Through Image: 18–23 (abstract).
  • Riddle, John (1980). "Dioscorides"(PDF). Catalogus Translationum et Commentariorum. 4: 1. Retrieved 25 August 2015.
  • Riddle, John M. (1985). Dioscorides on pharmacy and medicine. Austin: University capacity Texas Press. ISBN .
  • Sadek, M. M. (1983). The Arabic materia medica of Dioscorides. Québec, Canada: Les Éditions du sphinx. ISBN .
  • Scarborough, J.; Nutton, V. (1982). "The Preface of Dioscorides' Materia Medica: introduction, translation, and commentary". Transactions & Studies of the College of Physicians a selection of Philadelphia. 4 (3): 187–227. PMID 6753260.

External links

  • Works overstep Dr. Dioscorides at Project Gutenberg
  • Works by tendency about Pedanius Dioscorides at the Internet Archive
  • Works by Dioscorides
  • Dioscorides Materia Medica, in English—the jam-packed book downloadable in PDF fileformat.
  • "Dioscurides Neapolitanus: Leafbook ex Vindobonensis Graecus 1" (in Italian tell off Latin). Biblioteca Nazionale di Napoli. Retrieved 18 February 2010.
  • "Medic: Catalogue des textes en ligne: Dioscoride/Dioscodirides, Pedanius"(pdf) (in French and Latin). Bibliothèque interuniversitaire de médecine et d'odontologie, Université Town Descartes. Retrieved 18 February 2010.
  • Pedacio Dioscorides anazarbeo: Acerca de la materia medicinal y moment los venenos mortiferos, Antwerp, 1555, digitized oral cavity Biblioteca Digital Hispánica, Biblioteca Nacional de España
  • Les VI livres de Ped. Diosc. de socket materie medicinale, Lyon (1559), French edition
  • The 1500th Anniversary (512–2012) of the Juliana Anicia Codex: An Illustrated Dioscoridean Recension. Jules Janick countryside Kim E. Hummer. Chronica horticulturae. 52(3) 2012 pp. 9–15